Author: Nipun, B.B.A.,LL.B from Geeta Institute of law.
Co-author: Mayank, B.B.A.,LL.B from Geeta Institute of law.
India is the world's sixth most populous country. With a population of almost 135 million people and the world's youngest population. The majority of the population is between the ages of 18 and 35, however despite this, India continues to struggle with unemployment. In their own country, Indians are unable to find work. There is no job for the youth, thus they are free.
India is a country in the process of evolving. It indicates that the country is on the edge of being developed. India, like other developing countries, is grappling with a slew of social, economic, and political issues. Any developed country should be the one that succeeds in overcoming challenges and issues.
Unemployment occurs when a person is willing and able to work for a certain pay or salary but is unable to do so.
Unemployment has been a big issue in India since the country's inception. Despite our government's best efforts, we have been unable to resolve this issue.
Reasons
The population is large. Being the world’s second most populated country. India has a limited amount of resources. India’s population is growing at such a rapid pace that it will overtake China as the world’s most populous country in the coming years.
Low educational level- Even though the level of education is not very high, the people of are not well educated.
Lack of initiative- The Indian people do not take initiative on their own. They rely on the government for job and career opportunities. India’s people aspire to go forward from where they are now.
The country’s crime rate is rising as a result of high unemployment. Because of unemployment, robbery, rape, and murder cases are on the rise. Our country’s youth are diverted from its intended path. There is an old proverb that says, “The devil’s house is an empty mind.” This is ideal in this circumstance.
These are some of the statistics that reflect India’s unemployment rate. The unemployment rate in India reached a new high of 7.91 percent in December, up from 7% and 7.75 percent in November and October, respectively.
According to the NSSO Survey, the unemployment rate was 2.2 percent in 2011-12. Males aged 15 to 29 years old in rural areas increased from 5% in 2011-12 to 17.4% in 2017-18. Females in rural areas increased from 4.8 percent to 13.6 percent. Urban youngsters had a higher unemployment rate than their rural counterparts (18.7 percent for males and 27.2 percent for females).
Unemployment is mostly a financial problem. As a result, it is critical that the country’s economic policy be revised. In our country, there is no shortage of labour. Cottage and small-scale industries should provide employment opportunities for them. Aside from that, family planning must be prioritized. Every effort must be made to slow the rate of population growth. This will be quite beneficial in resolving this issue.
The unemployment rate grew from 5.55 percent in 1991 to 7.91 percent in 2020, according to the data, with an annual change of 0.06 percent in 1991 and 1.84 percent in 2020. With 34 percent of the population unemployed, Haryana ranks first. India is ranked 85th in the world when it comes to unemployment.
Haryana 34.1 percent, Rajasthan 27 percent, Jharkhand 17.3 percent, Jammu and Kashmir 15 percent, Tripura 14.2 percent, Bihar 16 percent, and India’s capital city Delhi 9.8 percent are among the states with the highest unemployment rates.
The government employs the following strategies to reduce unemployment
Use of labor-intensive technology: Because India has the world’s largest workforce, the government is focusing on the use of labour in industries rather than machines.
Increasing Agriculture Investment- The majority of our population is dependent on and involved in agriculture. As a result, the government is investing heavily in agriculture in order for it to be exploited as a business by the people.
Agriculture diversification—In India, rice and wheat are the most common crops, but farmers are free during the off-season. As a result, the government is educating people on how to raise crops during this time.
Labour-intensive industrial growth- In order to address the urban unemployment problem, the organised industrial sector must absorb a sufficient number of workers. The usage of capital-intensive technologies imported from overseas is to blame for the organised industrial sector’s failure to produce enough employment possibilities.
Unemployment among educated young people is a big issue. There are dozens of candidates for each vacancy. Only a few candidates are hired out of the hundreds who are interviewed. A student devotes several years of his or her life to his or her studies. Even after receiving a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree, India’s youth is battling unemployment.
Finally, I hope that the effects of Corona will be removed from the country and the world as soon as possible, and that people will be able to find work. I also sincerely implore that the government, rather than ignoring the issue of unemployment, pay greater attention to it. India’s people and administration are taking the required efforts to address the country’s unemployment problem.