By
Dharshan Chandar S, III year of B.A.,LL.B.(Hons.)
Introduction
Section 463 to Section 477A of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 implies with the offences relating forgery, forged documents and making a counterfeit seal, etc that there is an intention to commit the offence of a forgery. Section 463 and Section 464 of the Indian Penal Code defined forgery as the making of the false document so that it may be used as genuine. Section 465 of the Code prescribes Punishment for forgery. Section 466 deals with Forgery of record of Court or the public register. Section 467 deals with forgery of valuable security, will, etc. Section 468 deals with Forgery for the purpose of cheating. Section 469 deals with forgery for the purpose of harming other people's reputation. Section 470 implies Forged document or electronic record. Section 471 deals with using a genuine forged document or electronic record. Section 472 implies making either possessing counterfeit seals, etc, with intent to commit forgery, punishable under Section 467. Section 473 deals with making either possessing counterfeit seals, etc, with intent to commit forgery punishable otherwise. Section 464 implies having possession of a document described in Section 466 either 467 knowing it to be forged intending to use it as genuine. Section 475 implies a counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents described in section 467, or possessing counterfeit marked material. Section 476 implies Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents other than those described in section 467, either possessing counterfeit marked material. Section 477 implies fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc, of will, the authority to adopt either valuable security.
Forgery
A person makes any false documents in any department of service either false electronic record in any department, there is an intention to cause harm to the public either the citizen of any person, either support any title deeds, either to harm any person to part with property, enter into it express either implied contract., intention to commit fraud, commits forgery and deals with section 463 of IPC Section 464 implies that the person makes a false document either electronic record. In that firstly, whomever dishonestly either fraudulently
1. Makes, signs, seals, either execute a document either part of a document.
2. Makes, either transmit any electronic record.
3. Affixes any electronic signature
4. Makes any mark denoting the execution of a document either the supreme authority of the signature in electronic mode.
Punishment for forgery
A person either any other person commits the offence of a forgery punished by imprisonment for a term may extend to two years, either with fine, either with both.
Forgery of record of courts either of the public register
Whomever he either she forges a document, to claim something to do a record either proceeding of either in a court of Justice, either a register of birth, baptism, marriage either the ceremony of burial in which took place either a register kept by a public servant as such, either a certificate kept either document purporting to be made by a public servant in his official capacity, either an authority to institute either defend a suit, either to take any proceedings therein, either to admit that has done wrong something by the person judgements, either a person of attorney punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, liable to fine also. It deals with Section 466 of the Indian Penal Code, 1882.
Forgery of valuable security, will, etc
He either she forges a document which purports to be valuable security either a will, either a jurisdiction to adopt a son, either which to claim something to do give authority to any person either make either transfer any valuable security one, either receive the principal, interest, either dividends either receive to deliver any money, movable property, either valuable security, either any document purporting to be associate either receipt acknowledging the payment of money, either acquaintance either receipt for the delivery of any movable property either valuable security punished with imprisonment for life either with imprisonment for a term may extend to ten years and also liable to fine. It implies 467 of the Indian Penal Code, 1882.
Forgery for purpose of Cheating- Section 468
Whoever commits forgery, there is an intention that a document forged used for the purpose of cheating, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Forgery for purpose of harming reputation
He either commits forgery, there is an intention that a document forged may harm the reputation of any party, knowing that is likely to be used for that purpose, punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, liable to fine also. It deals with Section 469 of the Indian Penal Code, 1881.
Forged document or electronic record
A false made wholly either there is part by forgery designated a forged [document or electronic record]. It implies Section 470 of the Indian Penal Code, 1882.
Punishment
Whomever, entrusted with property as a carrier, wharfing either warehouse- keeper commits criminal breach of trust, punished with imprisonment may extend to seven years, and liable to fine also.
Making either possessing counterfeit seal
Whoever makes counterfeits any seal, plate either another instrument for making an impressed one to any other person, that there is an intention to commit forgery, shall be punishable with imprisonment for life, either with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, also liable to fine.
Fraudulent cancellation, destruction etc of wills either valuable security
He either she fraudulently, dishonestly that there is an intention to cause damage to the public citizen either to any specific person, cancels, defaces to be a will either any valuable security either commits mischief shall be punished with life imprisonment, either which may extend to ten years and also liable to fine.
Conclusion
To falsify something to deceive someone known as forgery which is a crime. Forgery is in the form of counterfeiting either art forgery, every kind of forgery is considered as criminal activities. Forgery in the case of counterfeiting is severely punished. Greeks and Romans signed their art with other people's names and hoped that a big name would be capitalized.